Water–Food Atlas

Global picture

World population · live estimate

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Freshwater withdrawals by sector (sum of countries)

Click any country (or a dot for small states) to open its profile. Hatched = no data for this layer.

Country profile

Food Security Index

Water–food nexus

Rankings

Data & methods

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Index weights

The Food Security Index (FSI, 0–100) is a weighted mean of five pillar scores. Weights are normalized automatically; set a pillar to 0 to drop it.

🌾 Production

🟫 Land

💧 Water

🚢 Trade

💵 Access

Pillar definitions

Production — cereal production per capita, log-scaled 50 → 1,500 kg/cap/yr.

Land — arable land per capita, log-scaled 0.01 → 1.5 ha/cap.

Water — ½ total renewable water per capita (log 100 → 20,000 m³/cap/yr) + ½ (1 − SDG 6.4.2 water stress, capped at 100%).

Trade — 0.5 × cereal self-reliance (import dependency +100% → −100% mapped 0 → 100) + 0.3 × food-import burden (food imports as % of merchandise exports, log 2% → 100% mapped 100 → 0) + 0.2 × net virtual-water position (+1,500 → −1,500 m³/cap mapped 0 → 100).

Access — GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2021 int. $), log-scaled 1,000 → 60,000.

Fixed bounds (not dataset min–max) keep scores comparable when data change. A country gets an FSI only when pillars covering ≥ 60% of the total weight have data; available pillars are re-weighted.

Highest

Lowest

About the data. Every value comes from an official database, harmonized into one table keyed on ISO 3166 / UN M49 country codes (229 countries and territories). Vintages differ by source and are shown below; per-capita indicators use World Bank 2025 population except virtual-water per capita, which uses the 1996–2005 population of the same study. Download the table, or upload a CSV with the same column names (matched on iso3) to update values.

Sources, vintages & coverage

Harmonization notes

Keys. All sources joined on UN M49 / ISO 3166-1 numeric codes (World Bank ISO3 converted). Water Footprint Network country names were mapped to ISO codes by hand where needed.
Territorial changes. Water footprint values for the former Sudan (pre-2011) are shown for both Sudan and South Sudan, and for former Serbia and Montenegro for both Serbia and Montenegro; virtual-water totals for those cannot be split and are left blank. Channel Islands data are drawn on Jersey and Guernsey; Somaliland is drawn with Somalia; Kosovo is matched by name.
China. FAOSTAT "China, mainland" is used for China; Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao appear separately where sources report them.
Sector shares are each sector's withdrawal divided by the sum of the three sectors (AQUASTAT totals can include minor unallocated volumes). Industry includes thermoelectric cooling.
AQUASTAT flags. Most AQUASTAT values in the 2023 dissemination are carried forward or modelled (flag E = estimate, I = imputed, A = official). The flag is shown in each country profile.
Missing or zero values. AQUASTAT reports a renewable-resources value of 0 for some micro-states it has not assessed; these are treated as missing. FAOSTAT values shown as "<2.5%" are stored as 2.5. Cereal production last reported before 2015 is treated as missing.
Irrigation share = AQUASTAT area equipped for full-control irrigation ÷ World Bank arable land (capped at 100%, since irrigated permanent crops can push it above arable area).
Water footprint vintage. Footprint and virtual-water figures are the most recent complete global national accounts (1996–2005 averages, Mekonnen & Hoekstra 2011). Treat them as structural indicators, not current values.